Autism is a complex disorder that affects the brain in different ways and on various levels. These ways are characterized by repetitive behaviors, nonverbal and verbal communications, and difficulties in social interaction. All autism disorders are merged under the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), rather than as distinct subtypes, however. The ASD in the DSM-5 diagnostic manual now provides the most up to date autism overview. The previous subtypes included Asperger syndrome, PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified), childhood disintegrative disorder, and autistic disorder.
Autism Overview:
ASD affects every part of the human body because:
– It is an intellectual disability.
– It leads to sleep problems.
– It leads to gastrointestinal problems.
– It leads to difficulties in attention and motor coordination.
– It can lead to excellence in art, math, music, or visual skills.
The now accepted autism overview states that the roots of ASD are likely to be in early brain development. However, symptoms do not become apparent until a child is between two and three years old. While it is not a disease that can be cured, there are early interventions and various behavior therapies that can help improve outcomes. Of key importance is increasing awareness of ASD.
Scientists are starting to understand autism more and more, and they now know there isn't one specific cause for it. Rather, there are a number of mutations in genes that seem to be prevalent in people with autism. Some of these mutations can singularly cause autism, while others have to be combined with other genes and environmental issues affecting the brain.
The autism overview now tells us that there are genes responsible for ASD, but also some environmental issues. These involve problems before and during birth, including parents (mother or father) who are older, illnesses during pregnancy, and birthing difficulties that cause oxygen deprivation. These aren't direct causes of autism, but if genetic risk factors are also present, the chances are increased.
It is now believed that women can lower their risk of giving birth to an autistic child by taking folic acid before and after conception. There is also a theory that the immune system of the mother is a key factor in children being born with ASD.
Every person who has autism is completely unique. It is quite common for autistic people to excel in certain areas, such as academics, music, or visual skill. In fact, around 40% of people with ASD have above average intellectual prowess. This is something that many people with autism quite rightly take pride in, being able to view issues from an "atypical" perspective. Others, however, are significantly disabled and will never be able to live independently. Around 30% of those with ASD are nonverbal, although they can learn about different ways of communication. ASD is not a disease, nor does it necessarily mean that the person will never be able to live a happy life. Any treatment, particularly in those who are verbal and not seriously disabled, tends to be targeted at improving physical health and communication. Usually, this is achieved through behavioral therapy, which can also address issues of support, respect, and acceptance.